AN excellent way to see one’s own country, or one’s own century, is to visit another. While I was making just such a mental pilgrimage to the eighth century, a recent interest in unconventional ...

To carry out their calculations, merchants in the early 13th century used an abacus or a system called finger reckoning. Commerce changed when Leonardo of Pisa — known today as Fibonacci — published ...

Five centuries ago, students in a grammar school were instructed to find the sum of the first 100 numbers. Under today’s “core math” the boy genius Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz who quickly came up with ...

In the present operation system, the length of numbers of the significand of the numeral register group and the number of operation Words of micro instructions can be switched on the hardware by ...