Simulation modelling has emerged as a vital tool for understanding and managing the inherent complexity of numerous systems, from healthcare and manufacturing to logistics and business operations. By ...

An ever-increasing number of information systems are becoming indispensable in nearly all aspects of health care delivery, from electronic health records (EHRs) and radiology image viewers to ...

Complex systems as a research area focuses on studying systems composed of many interacting components whose collective behavior exhibits nonlinearity, emergence, adaptation, and self-organization. It ...