Geologists have made certain assumptions about how the crust making up our planet's earliest surface formed, but a new study has found that Earth's very first protocrust was surprisingly similar to ...

Continental clues: Modern continental rocks carry chemical signatures from the very start of our planet’s history, challenging current theories about plate tectonics. Researchers have made a new ...

Earth as we know it today looked drastically different several billion years ago. According to a paper recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), the composition ...

What is the chemical composition of the Earth’s interior? Because it is impossible to drill more than about ten kilometres deep into the Earth, volcanic rocks formed by melting Earth’s deep interior ...

Early crust on Mars may be more complex than previously thought—and it may even be similar to our own planet's original crust. The Martian surface is uniformly basaltic, a product of billions of years ...