Some behaviours that are crucial to survival appear to be hard-wired, meaning that they occur without previous experience. For example, many prey organisms naturally know how to escape to safety from ...

Wildlife researchers have outlined the rapid, structured sequence animals follow when shifting from calm to urgent action, often in response to subtle cues. These micro-signals, such as a pause or ...

Behavioral variation in animals is often influenced by experience. Previous studies have found that daily threatening experiences can enhance fear- and anxiety-like behaviors in some vertebrates.