In this excerpt from “The Computer Boys Take Over,” historian Nathan Ensmenger explains that the first computer programmers were women because managers expected programming to be low-skill clerical ...

Early pioneers in computer science were women. Women like Grace Hopper, Jean Bartik, Dame Stephanie Shirley and Lynn Conway, were among the first programmers as the field emerged, and left a lasting ...

The first programmers weren't men, and the first computers weren't machines. What they were, in both cases, were women. SEE ALSO: The female mentors making a difference in Silicon Valley Women's many ...