Instrumental variables (IV) estimation addresses endogeneity arising when an explanatory variable correlates with the error term, biasing ordinary least squares (OLS ...

A brief description of the methods used by the SYSLIN procedure follows. For more information on these methods, see the references at the end of this chapter. There are two fundamental methods of ...

A frequent problem in the estimation of linear regression models is that the predictors are correlated with the error term contained in the regression equation. To ...

Abstract: Bias due to unobserved confounding can seldom be ruled out with certainty when estimating the causal effect of a nonrandomized treatment. The instrumental variable (IV) design offers, under ...

RESULTS: Among 6,232 elderly patients, the instrumental variable estimate indicated an increase in median survival of 33 days and an improvement in 1-year survival of 9% attributable to chemotherapy.

Imagine a sports injury researcher claiming: ‘the effect of the injury prevention programme we reported in the trial is unbiased because we analysed according to the intention-to-treat principle’ (ITT ...

The first form of the INSTRUMENTS statement is used only before a FIT statement and defines the default instruments list. The items specified as instruments can be variables or the special keyword ...