Imagine a sports injury researcher claiming: ‘the effect of the injury prevention programme we reported in the trial is unbiased because we analysed according to the intention-to-treat principle’ (ITT ...

Using an instrumental variable approach, this study is the first to present causal estimates of the effect of preventive dental visits on overall medical expenditures. Objectives: To examine the ...

There is a concern that when private equity firms purchase nursing homes, they will lower quality of care in order to increase profits. Using an instrumental variable procedure to adjust for resident ...

A frequent problem in the estimation of linear regression models is that the predictors are correlated with the error term contained in the regression equation. To ...

• Accounting for bias is a major challenge confronting the use of observational data to gain important insights into real-world treatment effects. • No single study design will satisfy all information ...

"Evaluating the Relationship Between Student Attendance and Achievement in Urban Elementary and Middle Schools: An Instrumental Variables Approach" Gottfried, Michael. American Educational Research ...

Yang, Mochen, Edward McFowland III, Gordon Burtch, and Gediminas Adomavicius. "Achieving Reliable Causal Inference with Data-Mined Variables: A Random Forest Approach ...