Figure 1. Ultrasonic testing using pulse echo and through-transmission methods. Pulse echo (left and center) uses a transducer that sends and receives ultrasound energy, producing both A- and B-scan ...

Defect states refer to electronic energy levels that arise from imperfections or irregularities in the crystal structure of materials, particularly in semiconductors and insulators. These ...

Detecting macro-defects early in the wafer processing flow is vital for yield and process improvement, and it is driving innovations in both inspection techniques and wafer test map analysis. At the ...

This diagram depicts how metals with a smoother surface are less prone to the accumulation of hydrogen-induced defects, namely dislocations and vacancy clusters. As the world strives to achieve carbon ...

Variation is becoming a bigger problem in multi-die assemblies with TSVs and hybrid bonding. Multi-modal approaches are required to test these devices. AI plays a role in improving defect capture rate ...

As device geometries continue to shrink and process integration becomes more complex, the margin for contamination grows smaller with every technology node. Contamination can originate from process ...