Implementing nanometer-scale ICs begins and ends with wires. Wires are so dominant that little is known about a design's performance or manufacturability without them. In fact, nanometer design ...

While transistors see continuous improvement, wires keep getting worse because of the smaller geometries and larger chip sizes. There are limited ways to avoid such problems, but the biggest impact ...

R = resistance — the difficulty an electrical current has in passing through a conducting material. C = capacitance — the degree to which an insulating material holds a charge. RC delay = the delay in ...