The complement system in teleost fish constitutes a cornerstone of innate defence, integrating classical, lectin and alternative activation routes to eliminate pathogens and shape inflammatory ...

Ocular infections and related inflammatory disorders are important causes of visual morbidity worldwide and may arise from viral, bacterial, fungal, and ...

Innate lymphoid cells, which curiously behave like T cells even though they don’t recognize specific antigens, show promise as a potential cancer therapeutic. In the years that followed, other groups ...

Scientists discover how innate immunity envelops bacteria. The protein GBP1 is a vital component of our body's natural defense against pathogens. This substance fights against bacteria and parasites ...

Our immune system is much older than we think. Long before dinosaurs existed, early life forms had developed a powerful ...

Unlike transient innate immune activation, trained immunity is characterized by long-lasting but reversible functional reprogramming of monocytes, macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and ...

The innate response's job is to assess the threat and determine how best to handle it. When it has a firm grasp on the situation, and if it can't deal with the threat itself, the innate response ...

Scientists generally agree that eukaryotes, the domain of life whose cells contain nuclei and that includes almost all multicellular organisms, originated from a process involving the symbiotic union ...