Every encrypted connection you make online relies on a centuries-old mystery about prime numbers. This is the elegant ...

Introduction to ciphers and substitution. Alice and Bob and Carl and Julius: terminology and Caesar Cipher ; The key to the matter: generalizing the Caesar Cipher ; Multiplicative ciphers ; Affine ...

Due to this, researchers are designing post-quantum cryptography. These are new methods that can resist quantum and normal ...

Hard problems are usually not a welcome sight. But cryptographers love them. That’s because certain hard math problems underpin the security of modern encryption. Any clever trick for solving them ...