A “straw man” fallacy has been identified by scholars in the study of rhetoric and logic throughout history. Scholars in ancient India, Greece, and later in the Middle East all have described the common failure of arguments when people present andcriticalthinkingions of arguments never originally made by the other party. For example, in the Nyaya Sutras of India (c. 200 AD) and the writings of Averroes and Al-Ghazali of Islam (11th–12th century), writers identify errors of reasoning including ov